Wednesday, June 15, 2011

ARGENTINA: How People Act in Public

Like most nationalities (except we odd Americans), the Argentinians are not very "smiley" when they are out in public. Instead, they move through the public world with pretty neutral expressions on their faces - neither noticeably happy nor unhappy.

However, this lack of visible joy doesn't equate to a lack of concern for their fellow man. Argentinians are remarkably solicitious of each other in public - a fact that I've heard foreigners of all nationalities remark on. People unfailing give up their seat on the subway to pregnant women and the disabled. Taxi drivers and small shop owners will routinely round down your bill so you don't have to deal with small change, and wave you off with "don't worry about it." Last week, I dropped some papers while I was waiting for the subway. They were right at my feet - I could easily have picked them up - but two strangers gathered them up and returned them to me before I even had a chance to bend down. I gave a big smile of thanks and got the hint of a grin in return...Again, not real smiley, but very kind.

Another striking feature of public life is the extent to which public discourse occurs through unspoken language. The best way to illustrate this is to start with the tango. In a milonga or tango-hall, a man traditionally asks a woman to dance by locking eyes with her across the room. A moment passes, and then one of them stands up and approaches the other person to wordlessly accept the invitation. This sounds horribly corny until you experience it, and then it's actually nice. The custom does pose certain risks, though: I spent one afternoon stumbling around the dance floor with very experienced tango dancers after I continued to inadvertently accept their offers to dance.

This custom of non-verbal communication still persists in modern times & I've experienced it myself. One day, I was sitting on a crowded subway car in the seat intended for the disabled or the pregnant. I felt guilt-free - everyone around me was fully 'abled' and did not need my seat - until across the car, I suddenly noticed a pregnant woman standing near the door. I felt bad that I was taking the seat she rightfully deserved, so I was probably looking at her pretty intently when, across that crowded subway car, she made clear eye contact with me, smiled, and shook her head 'no thanks' in a friendly way. Wow, so that's how they do it! I felt like a real Argentinian.

Que Rico!

When Argentinians want to say that food is delicious, they say "Que Rico!" (It's so rich!). I heard this phrase alot, because people would use it to recommend that I try specific restaurants or certain dishes.

I soon discovered that the phrase is an interesting cultural Rorschach test because, though my conversation partner intended it as the highest praise, I didn't hear it that way at all. My American brain, influenced by our health-conscious society, went through an immediate and highly consistent chain of associations...

"rico" = rich = fatty = greasy = unpleasant = unhealthy

...and, assuming that my conversation partner was actually warning me AWAY from a dish, I would spontaneously start making an "oh that's too bad!" face.

Long after I learned that "rico" is actually a term of praise, I remained stuck in this associative chain. It probably made me an odd and slow conversation partner, because I would have to go through the whole rico-rich-fatty-ick-unhealthy-disappointed face routine before I could arrive at the speaker's real intention, and put on a happy face!

While I'm talking about food, I should probably tell you what they eat here - and, in brief, it's Italian food along with some unique Argentinian contributions. As I mentioned in another posting, Argentina (and in fact the whole Rio de la Plata confluence) was enormously impacted by immigration from Italy in the early 20th century; today, 70% of the people living in Buenos Aires are of European and primarily Italian descent. "Normal" food is therefore pasta, pizza, empanadas, and asada (or grilled meat). The pasta is better than I knew pasta could be, and so fresh that restaurant menus routinely have separate food categories on their menus for "House Pasta" (i.e., made here) and "Dry Pasta" (we bought it). On the 29th day of the month, it's customary for Argentinians of all economic levels to have gnocchi for dinner: those potato dumplings are cheap and filling so they became the traditional dish for making your paycheck stretch the final days until payday. One day I was walking past a restaurant and happened to see gnocchi among their list of specials on their chalkboard. My instant thought was - "oh yeah, I guess it IS the 29th" - and in the next moment, I felt like such a local!

The Big Question

Like all longer overseas immersions, this has been an emotional time with significant highs and lows. As some of you know, a painful point for me has been the lack of connection with my co-workers. Though everyone is cordial with me in the office, no one has invited me out for a meal, introduced me around the office, or really initiated any contact outside of saying hi in the morning. It's been lonely and - especially in the context of Latin culture - quite surprising to me. I couldn't understand what was going on.

Now, on the eve of my departure, I think I have figured it out, so now I'll tell it the best I can, in the only way I can.

I'll start with some snapshots that reveal one way that Americans are perceived by Argentinians:
  • In Argentina, when a person arrives at the office, they go around and kiss all their friends and co-workers on the cheek. Sometimes they exchange a few sentences; other times they have a longer conversation. In either case, it's a lovely way to acknowledge each other's presence. Once when a co-worker and I were exchanging our morning kiss, she made the off-hand comment: "they don't do this in the US, do they? That's so cold!"
  • I really like to chat with cab drivers in Latin America. They often have interesting things to say, and it's a great way for me to practice my Spanish. On several occasions, cab drivers in Argentina have told me "you're so friendly! Usually Americans are so cold. They just want to go somewhere; they don't want to talk."
  • Finally, my last weekend here, a co-worker invited me out for lunch. We had a lovely time eating asada in a traditional grill restaurant and chatting. At one point, I told her that I want to use my Spanish to do volunteer work when I go back home - probably in a hospital where I can help patients who don't speak English. She said, "I hear volunteering is really common in the US. That's not a tradition in Argentina at all. You know, they say Americans are so cold but on the personal level they can be so kind."
Now to share some history: in the 1990s, Argentina emerged from dictatorship to experience spiraling inflation and a growing debt with the IMF. Enamored with neoliberal economic policies and heavily influenced by the IMF and US government, president Menem sold off state-owned entities, primarily to foreign investors, to the point where the state virtually ceased to exist.

As the crisis reached its peak in 2001, bank accounts were frozen to prevent a run on the banks; a new currency, the Argentino, was introduced in an effort to combat inflation; and stores were looted as people reached a point of desperation. With its advocacy for neoliberal policies and its leadership at the IMF, the US was viewed as a major player in causing this crisis. It appeared we had pushed neoliberalism on Argentina and then stood by as a society imploded.

In the US, we have a remarkably efficient society that can also be viewed as ruthlessly efficient and cold. I think this perception has in some instances impacted how people received me here. I wasn't included because people assumed that knowing them simply wasn't that important to me. During lunch with my co-worker, I finally got up the nerve to ask her why my companeros hadn't reach out to me more. She said, "oh we figured you were just here to study Spanish and that was your focus." Well - yes - but that didn't rule out wanting to make friends too.

In my new job with Latin America, I've encountered remarkably little anti-American sentiment, but I think this more subtle undercurrent is probably often there, invisible but real. To some extent, it's a logical reaction to the history of the region and the role developed economies have played here. Now that I know the attitude is there, I hope to work against it with my own personal diplomacy. In a goodbye note I sent to my co-workers here, I said "En Buenos Aires, he tenido una gran oportunidad de mejorar mi español, pero las personas son siempre más importante que un idioma" (In Buenos Aires, I've had a great opportunity to improve my Spanish, but people are always more important than a language). I hope this is the beginning of a better understanding between us all.  

Monday, June 13, 2011

Buenos Aires, looking up...

Buenos Aires is a city where you have to remember to look UP. There are so many fantastical towers, statues, and carvings to see. Like these guys keeping the time...



This is my favorite building...


Close-ups of the Statues...




A different view of my favorite building. There are Patagonian penguins standing on iceflows at some of the corners...


And another view of my favorite building - can you see the giant winged creatures hanging over the edge of the building? There are 3 in this picture...

Changing gears - here is maybe a former eyeglasses shop?


 
Today, this is a store in a trendy neighborhood. When I looked up, I realized it used to be a stables...

 Near my Spanish school...(the Ministry of the Navy building)...


This was an ironworks in the 1800s...
General Belgrano, presiding over a beautiful day...


Revisiting the Teatro Colon

After I saw the Magic Flute at the Teatro Colon, I returned another day and took a tour. Now I'm armed with more information..

In the picture below, look at what appears to be a series of black metal screens: these are the boxes that used to be reserved for widows, since it was considered socially inappropriate for them to appear in public during their mourning period...


This is a picture looking straight up at the ceiling. When the theater was constructed, they built a "heaven" here; that is a sort of catwalk where singers can stand above the audience and sing so that their voices come from on high like angels or heavenly hosts. In this picture, the 'heaven' is the gold rim immediate surrounding the central light. I remember hearing this heavenly effect in the performance I attended, immediately followed by the sound of heavy tramping footsteps in the ceiling over my head! Either these angels were pretty clumsy or sound travels in unintended ways!


It's just so lovely...

Saturday, June 11, 2011

Fun Fact

In Argentinian slang, "che" basically means "dude;" it's a term that gets liberally sprinkled through most conversations. When someone wants to parody Argentinian Spanish, they use flamboyant hand gestures and an emphatic "THAT's a SPICY a-MEATball" style of speech. They also throw in the word "che" alot.

So - a fun fact - the historical person Che Guevara was from Argentina, and of course "Che" wasn't his real name - Ernesto was. When we refer to him as Che, we are basically calling him Dude (his nickname). How it possible that I didn't know this before?!

A visit to Uruguay (part 1)

I recently took a weekend trip to Colonia, Uruguay - a historic city that is a Unesco World Heritage site. Colonia is only a one-hour boat ride from Buenos Aires, and there is a strong historic relationship between the cities: both of them were founded in the 1700s as smuggling centers to siphon off some of the vast wealth flowing out of the silver trade in Bolivia and Peru. Control of Colonia passed back and forth between the Spanish and the Portuguese, and (charmingly) both styles of traditional architecture exist side by side in the city. In the picture below, the Spanish built the house on the left (flat roof, adobe) while the Portuguese built the one on the right (pitched tile roof, stone).



Here are some other views of the old town...


I love all the slanting walls and doorways in this picture...


The old square, with the church towers peeking up over the trees...


View of the Rio de la Plata from the old town...


There is a beautiful ramble along the river...


Most of the old buildings are still heated with wood. Here you can see the daily delivery...


A fun thing to do in Uruguay is to try and spot a Cachila. "Cachilas" are antique cars such as Studebakers and Model A Fords that are still in active use. Uruguay was a prosperous country in the first half of the 20th century and during that time people imported cars from Europe and the US. In the long economic decline that has followed, many Uruguayans have been forced to maintain and use what in other circumstances would have been museum pieces. Here is a cachila on the street in Colonia...


Such a sleepy little town. I enjoyed this view of 3 cats all piled up for a nap...


A final view of the lovely old town...

Autoayuda

Portenos (people from the port city of Buenos Aires) have a well-documented fascination with self-help and self-exploration. As any guide book will tell you, there are more therapists per capita here than in any other city in the world (including New York!). Apparently this started in the 1940s, when Argentina under Juan Peron actively encouraged post-war immigration from Germany as a way to "improve" the racial composition of the country (and that's a story in itself). As eastern Europeans flowed into the country, they brought with them the tradition of Freudian analysis, and it spread like wildfire.

Today, you also see this desire for self-improvement showing up in other ways. For example, even the smallest bookstores have a significant "Autoayuda" (Self Help) section. Eastern philosophy (or perhaps Eastern Philosophy Lite) has also really taken off here as an alternative path to enlightenment; a surprising number of stores specialize in selling crystals, prayer beads, incense, Tibetan paraphrenalia, and books about the religions of Asia. New Age lingo has also penetrated the language here, as it has in the States. "Buenas ondas" - meaning "good waves" or "good karma" - is a common way to wish someone good luck. At first, I assumed this was an expression used only by the young and hip; however now that I've had a 70 year old taxi driver wish me "buenas ondas," I know differently.

Friday, June 10, 2011

Money & Paying

I've been fascinated to see the practices around money and shopping in Argentina. Here are some tidbits I wanted to share:
  • cost of a subway ticket: 1 peso; cost of admission to most museums: also 1 peso. This equates to 25 cents! Relative to what other things cost, this is very cheap, and I assume the government must provide significant subsidies. When I mentioned this to my Argentinian friend, she rolled her eyes and said - well in the case of the subway, they just don't put any money into it! It's true that the subway system and even many of the subway cars that are still in use were literally built in the 1910s & 20s. Like many of the buildings in this country, they are lovely, full of character, and gradually falling apart.
  • It's common to pay for groceries on an installment plan. "Cuotas" or installments was one of the first words I learned after I arrived here, because the cashiers in the grocery store routinely asked if I wanted to "pagar todo o pagar en cuotas."
  • Also routine are credit card promotions: if you pay with a certain card on a certain day, you get X% off your purchase. The concept may not be that foreign, but the number of offers is. The picture below is from my neighborhood grocery, and the very tall sign in the background shows the current bank card offers. Look how many there are! You can't even see them all in this picture.

  • Businesses here are typically small & often family-run. Because they aren't operating with alot of cash on hand, it's somewhat gauche if you pay them with a big (or even medium) bill: in giving you change, they will be clearing out their register. This is so problematic that businesses sometimes just refuse to accept a payment with a large bill. I have a vivid memory of once waiting in line to pay for a tango class. The Argentine woman in front of me tried to pay with a relatively large bill and was denied. After she had left the store, the cashier rolled her eyes and said in effect "Hm! She thought she could get away with that!" That's how big (or biggish) bills are viewed here - as an imposition and practically a scam. It probably doesn't help that fake 100 peso bills are in routine circulation, leading people to reflexively hold your large bill up to the light to verify its authenticity.
  • As you can imagine, the big bill conundrum often arises in taxis. Once I had to pay a taxi driver with a 100 peso note (equivalent of $25). Because he couldn't change it, we drove to a gas station that his friend owned and his friend made the change as a favor. In a case like this, dishonest "taxistas" will apparently tell you to provide a smaller bill or they're going to keep your 100. Thankfully this has never happened to me and I'm quite careful not to test my luck. Anyway, part of my morning routine is to scan my wallet to make sure I have small bills on hand. If I don't, I make a trip to the grocery store and get change by paying with a 100. Because the grocery is part of a national chain, they are equipped to break a larger bill.

Sunday, June 5, 2011

Tango show!

Recently, I decided I couldn't leave Buenos Aires without seeing a Tango Show. I opted for the most authentic one I could, since many of them are giant, glitzy, Vegas-like affairs that don't interest me.

This one took place in the basement theater of the Cafe Tortoni - one of the opulent old Confiterias of turn of the century Buenos Aires. Here are some pictures of the cafe itself...




Turning to the tango show, let me give a little context about the dance itself. Tango was developed in a poor, immigrant neighborhood of Buenos Aires called La Boca. This is the port district where the dockworkers lived, and tango was a dance that prostitutes did with their prospective clients. The show was pretty upfront about this, as you can see...



As you would imagine of music born in the brothels, tango is quite melancholy - it's often compared to the Blues in the US. In fact, the lyrics sometimes express such a deeply cynical view of life that they will make your hair curl. Here's a famous example - a tango called Aquaforte - first in English translation and then in Castellano.

It's midnight. The cabaret's wakin' up.
A lot of women, flowers, and champagne
The eternal sad party of those who live
to the beat of a tango is about to begin.
I'm chained by forty years of life,
with a grey-haired head and an old heart:
Today I can watch with a lot of sorrow
what at other times I saw through rose-colored glasses.

The poor taxi dancers,
Stupified by kisses,
Stare at me, as if strangers,
With curiosity.
They don't recognize me anymore.
I'm lonely and old.
There's no light in my eyes ...
Life is getting shorter.

An old rake that spends his money
Getting Lulu' drunk with his champagne
Today he denied a raise to a poor worker
Who asked him for one more piece of bread.
That poor woman who sells flowers
who was the queen of Montmartre in my time, 
Offers me, with a smile, some violets,
Maybe to make my loneliness less blue.

And I think about life:
mothers that suffer,
children that roam
with neither bread nor a roof,
selling newspapers,
for two cents ...
How sad it all is!
I feel like cryin'!

Es medianoche. El cabaret despierta.
Muchas mujeres, flores y champán.
Va a comenzar la eterna y triste fiesta
De los que viven al ritmo de un gotán.
Cuarenta años de vida me encadenan,
Blanca la testa, viejo el corazón:
Hoy puedo ya mirar con mucha pena
Lo que otros tiempos miré con ilusión.

Las pobres milongas,
Dopadas de besos,
Me miran extrañas,
Con curiosidad.
Ya no me conocen:
Estoy solo y viejo,
No hay luz en mis ojos...
La vida se va...

Un viejo verde que gasta su dinero
Emborrachando a Lulú con su champán
Hoy le negó el aumento a un pobre obrero
Que le pidió un pedazo más de pan.
Aquella pobre mujer que vende flores
Y fue en mi tiempo la reina de Montmartre
Me ofrece, con sonrisa, unas violetas
Para que alegren, tal vez, mi soledad.

Y pienso en la vida:
Las madres que sufren,
Los hijos que vagan
Sin techo ni pan,
Vendiendo “La Prensa”,
Ganando dos guitas...
Que triste es todo esto!
Quisiera llorar!

As they say, "tango is a sad thought that is danced" ("El tango es un pensamiento triste que hasta se puede bailar"). If you ask Argentinians whether they like tango, some of them will invariably say "no, it's way too depressing! I like rock!"

A day trip to Tigre

Hi all, yesterday I took a day trip to Tigre, a town that is north of Buenos Aires on the Parana River delta. Multiple rivers meet here, and the natural surroundings are - to me - somewhat reminiscent of the bayous we have in Lousiana. During Argentina's boom years (1880 to 1930), this was a weekend get-away for the wealthy and the glamorous, and the lovely vestiges remain, mostly in the form of gorgeous and enormous Rowing Club buildings. For example, here is the Italian Rowing Club - at least, part of it. I couldn't fit it all into the picture...


Here is the English Rowing Club...



As you can see, the Rowing Clubs are still very much in use, though I understand they are far more democratic in their membership policies these days and there's no ethnic limitation anymore.

Here's a picture I took inside the English Rowing Club. It may not be the greatest photo, but I love the way it shows the long tradition of rowing in Tigre.


Wealthy Argentines of this period (as well as today) were extremely cosmopolitan, and frequently had a pied-a-tierre in Paris, in addition to their home in Buenos Aires and their estancia (the source of their wealth) in the Argentine countryside. In fact, from time to time these families actually moved to Paris for a couple of years: with Argentina going through its economic boom ("explosion" would be a better word?), it was actually cheaper for them to simply live in Paris than in their own country. Borges, the Argentine literary giant who only died in the 1980s, was uprooted in that way when he was a child.

Anyway, a museum in Tigre had a quote from Victoria Ocampo, an Argentine intellectual of the 1930s who was born into one of these ruling families of Argentina and participated in this international social circuit. I wish I had the exact words, but she said approximately that the Argentines of her generation & social class were neither fully at home in Europe nor in their own country - they were neither of one place, nor of the other. Glamor, but glamor tinged with sadness. I think that gives an interesting context for viewing the palatial buildings and fabulous wealth in Tigre.

Let me digress and mention my own glancing contact with Argentine haute society: one day I was strolling around Buenos Aires and I wanted some help with directions. I was in quite a glam neighborhood, so it was not surprising that the couple who happened to be walking toward me was elegantly dressed and coiffed; in fact, the husband was wearing a double-breasted navy suit coat with gold buttons and a crest, as if ready for yachting. In my imperfect Spanish, I asked for directions, but the wife, in a kindly but worldweary voice, cut me off, asking in English: "Which language?" When I sheepishly replied that I spoke English, she gave me directions in flawless British English. I suppose if I had specified French, she could have answered in that language equally well! 

Back to Tigre - here is another lovely rowing club, but the foreground of the picture is also interesting. The man who's standing up is a modern-day gaucho (they still exist!), and the man sitting down is drinking Mate.



There's so much to be said about Mate, which is a hot, mildly caffeinated drink brewed from native herbs and leaves, much as Tea is. The early European settlers adopted the natives' love of this drink, and it is now one of the most characteristic symbols of Southern Cone culture. Though Mate can be ordered in restaurants and cafes, it is a humble drink that's almost always served at home and among friends. There is a very specific paraphrenalia for drinking mate: it's always served in a small, hollowed-out gourd and drunk through a silver straw. Since the drink is served boiling hot, the metal straw gets boiling hot too, and apparently it's a real art to drink mate without burning your lips.

Though Mate is a daily ritual throughout the Southern Cone, as you go north in Argentina and approach Uruguay, it becomes an all-out obsession. Even mate-drinking Argentines speak with awe about how much mate their neighbors to the north consume. I saw this myself when I was in Uruguay last weekend. When ordinary Uruguayans run their daily errands, they find a way to always carry with them a mate gourd and a thermos with hot water for refills - juggling these expertly with the other, ordinary paraphrenalia of daily life (purses, grocery bags, children in arms). That way, they can maintain a constant supply of mate without having to go home to "re-load." The next 2 pictures are ordinary street scenes showing mate-drinkers who needed to bring their stash with them...





Here is one more opulent palace I wanted to show you in Tigre: it's the former Casino, which has now been transformed into their Fine Arts Museum. As you'll notice, it has a grand promenade or deck that extends all the way to edge of the river, so gamblers in the 1910s or 20s could take a break and stroll out for a view and (probably) a smoke...


View from the terrace, looking back at the casino.


On the terrace, looking toward the river...


I feel mildly guilty about the next photos. Pictures are prohibited in the museum, even without flash, so I took these clandestinely. I don't see what the harm could possibly be (sans flash) - but I guess I have a little lingering guilt. Anyway, look how spectacular this place is.





Continuing down the river, there are some gorgeous old homes that are simply abandoned and falling into disrepair. Pierre & I have a strong 'rescue instinct' for buildings like this, so - honey - here's one of the places we need to buy (ha!).


And to close - it's a mystery why Tigre is called "tiger" since big cats are not native to the area. Anyway, the tiger is now the symbol of the city and these posters are everywhere. I think they are fun...